The Dawn of Islam in Sindh: A Journey Through Conquests and Legacy

The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) played a tremendous role in spreading Islam and became a guiding light for humanity. His life remains the ultimate example for us to follow.

After the Prophet’s (P.B.U.H) departure from this world, his four beloved companions—Caliph Abu Bakr, Caliph Umar, Caliph Usman, and Caliph Ali (R.A)—took on the responsibility of spreading Islam. This period, known as the Rashidun era, lasted for nearly 30 years.

Following this, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan established the Umayyad dynasty, which ruled for approximately 90 years. During the Umayyad reign, Hajjaj bin Yusuf—a powerful governor of Baghdad, Iraq—sent a military expedition to Sindh under the command of his brave and strategic son-in-law, Muhammad bin Qasim. His mission was to conquer Debal (Sindh), a battle historically known as the Battle of Aror. Muhammad bin Qasim remained in Sindh for four years, expanding Muslim rule and governance.

Due to his progressive policies, many non-Muslims embraced Islam, as it granted them equal status and dignity, unlike the rigid caste system that had long divided society.

After nearly 300 years of Arab rule in Sindh, a new chapter in history began. Alp Tigin, the founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty, sent his loyal general and former slave, Subuktigin, to conquer Peshawar. His son, Mahmud of Ghazni, later conquered Lahore and led multiple campaigns, including attacks on Hindu temples.

Following the Ghaznavids, the Ghurid dynasty was established by Shihabuddin Ghori. His trusted general and son-in-law, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, was appointed as the governor of Lahore. Aibak played a crucial role in introducing Islam to the northeastern regions of the Indian subcontinent.

After Shihabuddin Ghori’s death, Qutb-ud-din Aibak declared the establishment of the Slave Dynasty, marking the beginning of the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent.